Gastrointestinal Bleeding occurs when a mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal system is inflamed or eroded to form a single or multiple bleeding ulcers. Your digestive or gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine or colon, rectum, and anus. Bleeding can come from any of these areas. The amount of bleeding can be so small that only a lab test can find it. Hematemesis is the blood that is visible in vomit (hematemesis), which indicates the bleeding is coming from the upper GI tract, usually from the esophagus, stomach, or the first part of the small intestine. When blood is vomited, it may be bright red if bleeding is brisk and ongoing. Alternatively, vomited blood may have the appearance of coffee grounds. It results from bleeding that has slowed or stopped, and the blood looks like coffee grounds because it has been partially digested by acid in the stomach. The mucosal inflammation and ulcer are treated with anti-inflammatory medications like Aminosalicylates, Sulfasalazine, and Corticosteroids. The severe ulcerative colitis is treated with immune suppressants like Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, Methotrexate, and Remicade.
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