For patients with refractory ascites — a condition where fluid buildup does not respond well to diuretics — advanced treatment options such as large-volume paracentesis (draining fluid using a needle) are considered. This procedure provides symptomatic relief and is often paired with albumin infusion to prevent complications. In more severe cases, Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) may be performed to reduce portal hypertension and improve symptoms. When jaundice becomes persistent or is associated with severe liver dysfunction, liver transplantation might be the only viable long-term solution. Supportive care, including nutritional support, abstaining from alcohol, managing complications like hepatic encephalopathy, and monitoring liver function, is also crucial throughout the treatment journey.
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